Flying machine



Sept. 18 1923. Y 1,468,257

c. F. BUSH FLYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2 5. 1921 5 Sheets- Sheet 5 C/Iarlcs F'Bds);

I ATTDHNEY WITNEEEES Sept. 18 1923.

C. F. BUSH FLYING MACHINE F'iled Oct. 25. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 JYVVENTUH 1 tharlcoFfiush WITZVEEFEE gim 12%! 07v ATTUEZWE'Y Sept. 18 1923. 1,468,257 c. F. BUSH FLYING MACHINE Filed 00%. 25. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2- WITNEFSEE C [2 ar/fia F .B 1152b I I I. I 7 I 'I .AT'TUHZIZEY' Sept. 18 1923.

c. F. BUSH FLYING- MACHINE Filed Oct. 25 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INT/ENTER vC12 ((2 26 s EBuslz MTNESSES Patent Sept. 18,

cnannns r. BUSH, or PHILADELPHIA, rn msrnvanm.

FLYING MACHINE.

Application filed October 25, 1921 Serial No. 510,326.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES United States, residing at citizen of the F. BUSH, a

Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying Machines, of a siecification.

no object of my invention is to providewhich the following is means which will enable a flying machine,

such' as an aeroplane, to

and safely; my imp land more easily roved means being so operative that the flying machine can be retarded so that instead of abruptly strik- 1 ing the ground skipping over usually occurs,

and then jumping or quickl the surface of the ground as it will be under the control of the operator when landing so that the landing can 9 all times.

be effected easily and safely at Another'object is to so construct my im- P oved apparatus that be used for elevating,

bilizing purposes in of the other parts of A further object is when flying it can descending and staaddition to the action the machine.

to make my improved apparatus of a strong and durable construction and so that it can be easily actuated.

Another object is to so constructmy immachine to land in heretofore possible.

ends which will be I j proved apparatus that it will allow a flying a smaller space than described hereinafter,

I attain in the following manner, reference bein in w ich' Figure/1 is a top had to the accompanying drawings plan view of a flying machine in the form of an aeroplane having my invention applied thereto,

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the aero plane shown in Figure 1,

Figu

re 3 is an enlarged tion taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is an section taken on the enlarged fragmentary .line 1-4 of Figure 1,

Figure 5 is a section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a section taken on the line.

' 6-6 of Figure 3,

Figures 7, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing a. valve which I preferably employ in various p ositions to effect varifragmentary secthe blade-retaining sockets,

Figure 12 is a side elevation of one of the blade-retaining sockets;

Figure 13 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 1313 of Figure 3,

Figure 14 is an elevation of the valve actuating means,

Figure 15 is a side elevation of an aeroplane showing the apparatus in a different position from that shown in Figure 1 to 12 inclusive, and

Figures 16 and 17 are side elevations showing modifications of my improved apparatus. i j

Referring to the drawings and particularly to Figures 1 to 14 inclusive, 20 represents an aeroplane of a type having an enclosed fuselage 21 which may be of any well known type and I have illustrated the same in the form of a biplane having a'motor driven propeller 22 in the front. A motor or engine 23 is positioned within the fuselage and includes'a transversely driven shaft 24:, the opposite ends of which project beyond the sides of the fuselage as shown in Figure 6 and are secured to the hubs 25 of two devices 26 which are made in accordance with my present invention and since each of these devices is similarly constructed I will describe but one of them in detail and it will be understood that the other of said devices has similar parts similarly arranged and operative.

Each of the, devices 26 includes a hub 25- as above stated; said hub having cavities 27 formed in its peripheral surface 28; said cavities preferably being made radial and in the present instance I have illustrated three of these cavities spaced apart equal distances. Each of the cavities has a retainsocket 27 ing secured therein and secured within each of the sockets is a blade 29.

tions adjacent their outer portions curving toward the-forward or face surface 35 of the blade and also being curved in cross section as shown in Figures 4 and 6. The passage 30 is preferably open to the atmosphere at the surface 35 throughout approximately its entire length as shown in Figure 5. The passage 31 has its opening 36, which communicates with the atmosphere, at a position a greater distance from the axis of the shaft 24 than the opening into the passage 30. The passage 32 has its opening 37, which communicates with the atmosphere, at a greater distance from the axis of the shaft 24 than the opening 36 of the passage 31 so that it will be understood that during the rotation of the devices the openings 37 will travel in circles or annuli greater than those through which the openings 36 or passages 30 travel so that the air pressure within the various passages will vary for a purpose hereinafter rendered obvious.

The sockets 27 as shown inFigures 5 and 11 have partitions 38 which are spaced apart to receive the lower portions of the partitions 33 and 34 and the spaces 39, 4O and 41 provided by the partitions 38 register with the inner parts of the respective passages 30, 31 and 32. Each of the blades 29 at a position within the confines of 1ts respective socket has openings 42*, 42 and 42 at the side nearest the fuselage 21; said openings communicating respectively with the passages 30, 31 and 32 and with openings 43*, 43 and 43 in the sideof the respective socket 27. The hub 25 has groups of ports; each of the groups including ports 44, 44 and 44 which respectively register with the openings 43, 43 and 43 so that it will be understood that within the confines of its socket each of the blades has its passage 30 in communication with the port 44*, its pas sage 31 in communication with the port 44 and its passage 32 in communication with the port 44. The side walls of the partitions 38 opposed to the ports are curved as shown at 45 so that air passing through the passages is deflected toward and through the ports under certain conditions hereinafter described.

Each of the passages 30, 31 and 32 is divided within its width by a division partition 46 so as to prevent any lateral deflection of the air due to the inner curved sur-- faces of the passages; said partitions 46 serving in a manner renderedmore comprehensible by the following description.

Sleeves 47 surround the shaft 40 and have plate valves 48 thereon which closely fit adjacent the side surfaces 49 of the hubs 25 as clearly shown in Figure 6.. Each of these plate valves has a slot 50 extending therethrough; the slot 50 also extending for a predetermined number of degrees. as shown In Figures 7, 8, 9 and 14, around the axis of the shaft 24. This sleeve 47 is mounted in a bearing 51 in the fuselage 21 and the valve plate 28 can be rotated independently of the rotation of the shaft 24 bv the following mechanism.

The sleeve 47 has a gear wheel 52 thereon and an actuating member 53 has a toothed rack 54 as shown in Figure 14 and this member 53 can be moved lengthwise either by hand or by power mechanism so as to effect the rotation of the sleeve and the consequent rotation of the valve 48 so as to move the slot 50 into various positions, for example into the positions as shown in Figures 7 8 and 9. The outer side surfaces of the fuselage are preferably recessed as shown at 55 so that irrespective of what position the slot 50 is in, the slot will always be opposite a portion of the recess 55 on each side of themachine. The arrangement of the parts is such in each of the devices that a portion of the valve plate 48 is capable of closing a number of the ports'in each of the groups or series and the port-closing area indicated at 56 extends between the end walls 57 and 58 of the slot 50. The movement of this port1on 56 is an important feature of my inventlon since, for example, when it is moved into the position shown in Figure 7 andallowed to remain there during the rotation of the blades' by the shaft 24 it will effect a lifting movement of the flying machine, when it is moved into the position shown in Figure 8 it will effect a forward or normal movement of the machine and when moved into the position shown in Figure 9 it will effect a lowering movement of the machine. It can also be moved into positions intermediate the positions illustrated for effecting other movements of the machine. The resulting action between the slot 50 and the pptrtion 56 Wlll be described in detail hereina er.

During the rotation of parallelto the opposite sides of the fuselage the various openings of the passages will scoop up or take in air and the air within the passag s will be of various pressures for reasons previously stated owing to the relatlve distance of the openings of the passages with respect to the axis of rotation. air will be forcedthrough the passages and as the ports of the passages move into registry with the slot 50 the air can escape through the slot, the passages successively discharging the air which has been compressed the-rein and which cannot escape when the ports are passing the portion 56 of the valve plate. It will be understood therefore that when the ports of each of the blades are assing the portion 56 that they cannot disc arge the air which they take in but on the contrary the air is pocketed and offers a resistance against movement of the blade through that portion of the arc of the circle through which they rotate. Thus a the blades in paths This finallythe pressure passage variable resistance will be set-up so that if the portion 56, for example, is moved into the position shown in Figure 7 where it will close the ports of each of the bladesas it passes with its surface'35 downward, a resulting lift will be established and the appatus will operate to eflect the lifting movement of the machine. If, for example, the portion 56 is moved into the position shown in Figure 9 then said portion will close the ports when each of the blades is moving with its surface 35 in an upward direction and consequently a. lowering movement of the machine will be effected. If the portion 56 is moved into the position shown in Figure 8, the closure of the ports will/be effected when the surface 35 of each of the blades is moving through an arc rearward and in this manner a normal or forward movement ;of the plane will be effected. Various intermediate positions of the portion 56 will effect deflections of the machine and these actions can be accomplished merely by a simple movement of the valve.

It will also be noted that these movements of the machine will be gradually effected since the lowest pressure passage is first cut off or closed by the portion 56, then the intermediate pressure passage such for example as the passage 31 32 is closed so that the action is gradual. It will of course be understood that any number of passages can be employed in a blade or if desired only a single passage, according to the work which the device is to perform.

In Figure 15, I have shown an arrangement in which the device is moved in positions at rightangles to those shown in Figures 1 to 14 inclusive and when the principle of my invention is applied as shown in Figure 15, the devices can. be employed for steering purposes or for the purpose of equalizing the action of the machine. In Figures 1 to 15 inclusive I have illustrated the blades as three in number with the blades approximately radial, while in Figures 16 and 17 I have shown an arrangement where the passages of the blades are made approximately spiral in shape; Figure 16 illustrating a construction in which onlytwo blades are employed.

While I have described my invention as taking a particular form, it will be understood that the various partsof my invention may be changed without departing from the spirit thereof, and hence I do not limit myself to the precise construction set forth, but consider that I am at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire'to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Apparatus for use on a flying machine,

is closed and including rotatable blades having passages through which air is forced due to the r0ta tion of the blades; and means for pocketing the air in said passages during the travel of the blades through a part of their path of movement; substantially as described. 2. Apparatus for use on a flying machine, including rotatable blades having passages through which air is forced due to the rotation of the blades; means for pocketing the air in said passages during the travel of the blades through a part of their path of movement; and means for varying the position in which the pocketing occurs in the path of movement of said blades; substantially as described.

3. Apparatus for use on a flying machine including rotatable blades provided with passages having an inlet and means for pocketing the air in said passages during the travel of the blades and means for closing the outlets during'the rotation of the blades.

4. Apparatus for use on a including means having rotatable blades, each provided with a plurality of passages having inlet openings spaced at different distances from the axis of rotation, said passages having outlets; and means for sue cessively closing said outlets duringthe rotation of the blades; substantially as described.

5. Apparatus for use on a flying machine, including means each provided with a plurality of passages having inlet openings round at different distances from the axis of rotation, said passages having outlets; and means for successively closing said outlets during the rotation of the blades, said means being movable into various positions with respect to the axis of rotation; substantially as described.

6. Apparatus for use on a flying machine, includin rotatable means having blades, said bl a es having passages providing openings for intercepting the air; and a valve havin a slot and a portion adjacent the slot, said 5 0t being adapted to communicate with the passages of the blades as they rotate, said adjacent portion of the valve being adapted to close the outlets of said passages; substantially as described.

7. Apparatus for use on a flying machine, including rotatable means having blades, said blades having passages providing openings for intercepting the air; and a valve having a slpt and a portion adjacent the slot, said slot being adapted to communicate with the passages of the blades as they rotate, said adjacent portion of the valve being adapted to close the outlets of said passages, said valve being movable, independently of the rotation of the blades, into an outlet,

flying machine,

having rotatable blades,

ing therefrom and providing passages hav ing air inlet openings and air outlet ports;

and a valve havin a slot and a cut-off por-.

tion adjacent the 3 0t, said valve being movable independently of the rotation of said hub so as to move said cut-ofi' portion in a position to close said ports as they pass thereby during the rotation of the hub and blades; substantially as described.

9. Apparatus for use on a flying machine, including a rotatable shaft; a hub rotatable in conjunction with said shaft; blades rotatably connected to said hub and having passages provided with air inlet openings, said hub providing ports in communication with said passages; a sleeve; a plate valve connected to the sleeve and having a slot therein; and means for moving said sleeve to move said portions adjacent said slot into various positions, said blade having a portion adapted to form a closure for said ports during the rotation of the blades, said ports also being adapted to move during their rotation into registry with said slot; substantially as described.

10. Apparatusfor use ona flying machine including .rotatable blades provided with passages having an inlet and an outlet, means for pocketing the air in said passages during the travel of the blades and means for intercepting the movement of air through the passages during the rotation of the blades.

11. Apparatus for use on a flying machine including rotatable blades provided with passages having an inlet and an outlet, means for pocketing the air in said passages during the travel of the blades'and means for successively intercepting the movement of air through the passages during the rotation of the blades.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnewes,

CHARLES F. BUSH.

Witnesses ELIZABETH GARBE, CHAS. E. Forms. 

